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Containers series III: Docker Compose

Posted Updated
By Jose Castillo Lema
18 min read
Containers series III: Docker Compose

Serie de artigos sobre containers (Docker, Docker Compose, Docker Swarm e Kubernetes).

Lab 3 - Docker Compose

Executando servicos

Docker Compose permite definir serviços (que a sua vez são formados por containers) e a comunicação entre os mesmos. Esta comunicação é implementada via DNS nos containers. Além disso, no arquivo de configuração do Docker Compose (docker-compose.yml) é possível definir:

  • variáveis de entorno: comando environment
  • mapeamento de portas: comando ports
  • persistência de dados: comando volumes
  • dependências entre os serviços: comandos links e depends on

Vamos trabalhar com dois terminais abertos (T1 e T2).

Instalação

  1. [T1] Instalação do Docker Compose:

    [Ubuntu]

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     $ sudo apt  install docker-compose -y
 Reading package lists... Done
 Building dependency tree       
 Reading state information... Done
 The following additional packages will be installed:
   golang-docker-credential-helpers libpython-stdlib libpython2.7-minimal libpython2.7-stdlib libsecret-1-0
   libsecret-common python python-asn1crypto python-backports.ssl-match-hostname python-cached-property python-certifi
   python-cffi-backend python-chardet python-cryptography python-docker python-dockerpty python-dockerpycreds
   python-docopt python-enum34 python-funcsigs python-functools32 python-idna python-ipaddress python-jsonschema
   python-minimal python-mock python-openssl python-pbr python-pkg-resources python-requests python-six
   python-texttable python-urllib3 python-websocket python-yaml python2.7 python2.7-minimal
 Suggested packages:
   python-doc python-tk python-cryptography-doc python-cryptography-vectors python-enum34-doc python-funcsigs-doc
   python-mock-doc python-openssl-doc python-openssl-dbg python-setuptools python-socks python-ntlm python2.7-doc
   binutils binfmt-support
 The following NEW packages will be installed:
   docker-compose golang-docker-credential-helpers libpython-stdlib libpython2.7-minimal libpython2.7-stdlib
   libsecret-1-0 libsecret-common python python-asn1crypto python-backports.ssl-match-hostname python-cached-property
   python-certifi python-cffi-backend python-chardet python-cryptography python-docker python-dockerpty
   python-dockerpycreds python-docopt python-enum34 python-funcsigs python-functools32 python-idna python-ipaddress
   python-jsonschema python-minimal python-mock python-openssl python-pbr python-pkg-resources python-requests
   python-six python-texttable python-urllib3 python-websocket python-yaml python2.7 python2.7-minimal
 0 upgraded, 38 newly installed, 0 to remove and 35 not upgraded.
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    [Amazon Linux]

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     $ sudo curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/latest/download/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m) -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
   % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                  Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
 100   152  100   152    0     0   4252      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  4342
 100   664  100   664    0     0  16586      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 16586
 100 23.5M  100 23.5M    0     0  84.2M      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 84.2M
    
 $ sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
 $ docker-compose version

    [Amazon Linux] Instalar o git:

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     $ sudo yum install -y git
  2. [T1] Clonar este repositório e navegar ate a pasta /fiap/bdt/microservices:
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     $ git clone https://github.com/josecastillolema/fiap.git
 $ cd fiap/bdt/microservices/compose
 $ pwd
 /home/ubuntu/fiap/bdt/microservices/compose
 $ ls
 api_v1  api_v2  api_v3  docker-compose.yml  mongo  mysql
  3. [T1] Mostrar o conteúdo do arquivo docker-compose.yml. São definidos dois serviços:
    • api: a API escrita em Python, que tem dependência com (consulta) o serviço mysql
    • mysql: o servidor MySQL, com mapeamento de portas (porta 3306), persistência de dados (pasta /var/lib/mysql) e algumas variáveis de entorno
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       $ cat docker-compose.yml 
 version: '2'
 services:
api:
  build: api_v2/.
  ports:
    - "4000:5000"
  depends_on:
    - mysql
mysql:
  build: mysql/.
  ports:
    - "3306:3306"
  volumes:
    - /var/lib/mysql
  environment:
     MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: senhaFiap
     MYSQL_DATABASE: fiapdb

Uso

  1. [T1] Criar os serviços definidos no arquivo docker-compose.yml:
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     $ docker-compose up
 Creating network "compose_default" with the default driver
 Building mysql
 Step 1/3 : FROM mysql
  ---> 9228ee8bac7a
 Step 2/3 : MAINTAINER Jose Castillo <profjose.lema@fiap.com.br>
  ---> Running in 5f85965fa52d
 Removing intermediate container 5f85965fa52d
  ---> 1035c57e599d
 Step 3/3 : ADD ./aso.sql /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
  ---> a809a9c5ca56
 Successfully built a809a9c5ca56
 Successfully tagged compose_mysql:latest
 WARNING: Image for service mysql was built because it did not already exist. To rebuild this image you must use `docker-compose build` or `docker-compose up --build`.
 Building api
 Step 1/8 : FROM python:2
  ---> 154f4db0c875
 Step 2/8 : MAINTAINER Jose Castillo <profjose.lema@fiap.com.br>
  ---> Using cache
  ---> defda7283ddf
 Step 3/8 : ADD api.py requirements.txt /
  ---> abb5e8e662ca
 Step 4/8 : RUN pip install -r ./requirements.txt
  ---> Running in ebd156421186
 DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 reached the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 is no longer maintained. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7. More details about Python 2 support in pip, can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support
 Collecting flask
   Downloading Flask-1.1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (94 kB)
 Collecting flask-mysql
   Downloading Flask_MySQL-1.5.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (3.8 kB)
 Collecting flask-cors
   Downloading Flask_Cors-3.0.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl (14 kB)
 Collecting cryptography
   Downloading cryptography-2.9-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (2.7 MB)
 Collecting click>=5.1
   Downloading click-7.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (82 kB)
 Collecting itsdangerous>=0.24
   Downloading itsdangerous-1.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (16 kB)
 Collecting Werkzeug>=0.15
   Downloading Werkzeug-1.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (298 kB)
 Collecting Jinja2>=2.10.1
   Downloading Jinja2-2.11.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (126 kB)
 Collecting PyMySQL
   Downloading PyMySQL-0.9.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (47 kB)
 Requirement already satisfied: Six in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from flask-cors->-r ./requirements.txt (line 3)) (1.14.0)
 Collecting ipaddress; python_version < "3"
   Downloading ipaddress-1.0.23-py2.py3-none-any.whl (18 kB)
 Collecting cffi!=1.11.3,>=1.8
   Downloading cffi-1.14.0-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (387 kB)
 Collecting enum34; python_version < "3"
   Downloading enum34-1.1.10-py2-none-any.whl (11 kB)
 Collecting MarkupSafe>=0.23
   Downloading MarkupSafe-1.1.1-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (24 kB)
 Collecting pycparser
   Downloading pycparser-2.20-py2.py3-none-any.whl (112 kB)
 Installing collected packages: click, itsdangerous, Werkzeug, MarkupSafe, Jinja2, flask, PyMySQL, flask-mysql, flask-cors, ipaddress, pycparser, cffi, enum34, cryptography
 Successfully installed Jinja2-2.11.1 MarkupSafe-1.1.1 PyMySQL-0.9.3 Werkzeug-1.0.1 cffi-1.14.0 click-7.1.1 cryptography-2.9 enum34-1.1.10 flask-1.1.2 flask-cors-3.0.8 flask-mysql-1.5.1 ipaddress-1.0.23 itsdangerous-1.1.0 pycparser-2.20
 Removing intermediate container ebd156421186
  ---> 1897edcddbb5
 Step 5/8 : ENV PORT=5000
  ---> Running in 8dd8bb035819
 Removing intermediate container 8dd8bb035819
  ---> 3b92b6fb59a5
 Step 6/8 : EXPOSE $PORT
  ---> Running in 99d862666779
 Removing intermediate container 99d862666779
  ---> 05c77804ed9d
 Step 7/8 : HEALTHCHECK CMD curl --fail http://localhost:$PORT || exit 1
  ---> Running in ecbcbde1d83c
 Removing intermediate container ecbcbde1d83c
  ---> 178843362cde
 Step 8/8 : CMD [ "./api.py" ]
  ---> Running in bfe14e880a4b
 Removing intermediate container bfe14e880a4b
  ---> e401dc1035d7
 Successfully built e401dc1035d7
 Successfully tagged compose_api:latest
 WARNING: Image for service api was built because it did not already exist. To rebuild this image you must use `docker-compose build` or `docker-compose up --build`.
 Creating compose_mysql_1 ... 
 Creating compose_mysql_1 ... done
 Creating compose_api_1 ... 
 Creating compose_api_1 ... done
 Attaching to compose_mysql_1, compose_api_1
 mysql_1  | 2020-04-08 19:52:56+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.19-1debian10 started.
 mysql_1  | 2020-04-08 19:52:57+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Switching to dedicated user 'mysql'
 mysql_1  | 2020-04-08 19:52:57+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.19-1debian10 started.
 mysql_1  | 2020-04-08 19:52:57+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Initializing database files
 mysql_1  | 2020-04-08T19:52:57.639740Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
 mysql_1  | 2020-04-08T19:52:57.639830Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.19) initializing of server in progress as process 41
 api_1    |  * Serving Flask app "api" (lazy loading)
 api_1    |  * Environment: production
 api_1    |    WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment.
 api_1    |    Use a production WSGI server instead.
 api_1    |  * Debug mode: on
 api_1    |  * Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
 api_1    |  * Restarting with stat
 api_1    |  * Debugger is active!
 api_1    |  * Debugger PIN: 463-518-758
 mysql_1  | 2020-04-08T19:53:03.024229Z 5 [Warning] [MY-010453] [Server] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.
 mysql_1  | 2020-04-08 19:53:08+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Database files initialized
 mysql_1  | 2020-04-08 19:53:08+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Starting temporary server
 mysql_1  | 2020-04-08T19:53:08.721880Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
 mysql_1  | 2020-04-08T19:53:08.722007Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.19) starting as process 91
 mysql_1  | 2020-04-08T19:53:09.446603Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010068] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
 mysql_1  | 2020-04-08T19:53:09.457240Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011810] [Server] Insecure configuration for --pid-file: Location '/var/run/mysqld' in the path is accessible to all OS users. Consider choosing a different directory.
 mysql_1  | 2020-04-08T19:53:09.478577Z 0 [System] [MY-010931] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '8.0.19'  socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock'  port: 0  MySQL Community Server - GPL.
 mysql_1  | 2020-04-08 19:53:09+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Temporary server started.
 mysql_1  | 2020-04-08T19:53:09.527830Z 0 [System] [MY-011323] [Server] X Plugin ready for connections. Socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock'
 mysql_1  | Warning: Unable to load '/usr/share/zoneinfo/iso3166.tab' as time zone. Skipping it.
 mysql_1  | Warning: Unable to load '/usr/share/zoneinfo/leap-seconds.list' as time zone. Skipping it.
 mysql_1  | Warning: Unable to load '/usr/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab' as time zone. Skipping it.
 mysql_1  | Warning: Unable to load '/usr/share/zoneinfo/zone1970.tab' as time zone. Skipping it.
 mysql_1  | 2020-04-08 19:53:13+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Creating database fiapdb
 mysql_1  | 
 mysql_1  | 2020-04-08 19:53:13+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: /usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh: running /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/aso.sql
 mysql_1  | 
 mysql_1  | 
 mysql_1  | 2020-04-08 19:53:14+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Stopping temporary server
 mysql_1  | 2020-04-08T19:53:14.140552Z 12 [System] [MY-013172] [Server] Received SHUTDOWN from user root. Shutting down mysqld (Version: 8.0.19).
 mysql_1  | 2020-04-08T19:53:15.777586Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.19)  MySQL Community Server - GPL.
 mysql_1  | 2020-04-08 19:53:16+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Temporary server stopped
 mysql_1  | 
 mysql_1  | 2020-04-08 19:53:16+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: MySQL init process done. Ready for start up.
 mysql_1  | 
 mysql_1  | 2020-04-08T19:53:16.482021Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
 mysql_1  | 2020-04-08T19:53:16.482148Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.19) starting as process 1
 mysql_1  | 2020-04-08T19:53:17.150498Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010068] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
 mysql_1  | 2020-04-08T19:53:17.159715Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011810] [Server] Insecure configuration for --pid-file: Location '/var/run/mysqld' in the path is accessible to all OS users. Consider choosing a different directory.
 mysql_1  | 2020-04-08T19:53:17.180954Z 0 [System] [MY-010931] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '8.0.19'  socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock'  port: 3306  MySQL Community Server - GPL.
 mysql_1  | 2020-04-08T19:53:17.291602Z 0 [System] [MY-011323] [Server] X Plugin ready for connections. Socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock' bind-address: '::' port: 33060

  2. [T1] (Opcional / Alternativa ao passo 4)

    O comando anterior pode ser executado com a opção -d. De esta forma os containers são executados no background, e não será necessário usar dois terminais. Porém, temos menos visibilidade no que está acontecendo nos containers:

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     $ docker-compose up -d
 Creating network "compose_default" with the default driver
 Creating compose_mysql_1 ... 
 Creating compose_mysql_1 ... done
 Creating compose_api_1 ... 
 Creating compose_api_1 ... done

Validação

  1. [T2] Em um segundo terminal, confirmar que os serviços do Docker Compose foram criados corretamente. E necessário navegar ate pasta que contém o arquivo docker-compose.yml.
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     $ cd fiap/bdt/microservices/compose/
 $ pwd
 /home/ubuntu/fiap/bdt/microservices/compose
 $ docker-compose ps
      Name                   Command             State                 Ports              
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 compose_api_1     ./api.py                      Up      0.0.0.0:4000->5000/tcp           
 compose_mysql_1   docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld   Up      0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp
  2. [T2] Confirmar que os containers foram criados corretamente:
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     $ docker ps
 CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS                               NAMES
 6d7277694bc3        compose_api         "./api.py"               2 minutes ago       Up About a minute (healthy)   0.0.0.0:4000->5000/tcp              compose_api_1
 349228f10355        compose_mysql       "docker-entrypoint.s…"   2 minutes ago       Up 2 minutes                  0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   compose_mysql_1
  3. [T2] Testar a API:
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     $ curl localhost:4000
 Benvido a API FIAP!
  4. [T2] Testar a conexão da API com o banco de dados:
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     $ curl localhost:4000/getDados
 [{"id": 1234, "name": "Jose Castillo Lema"}]
  5. [T2] Conferir a configuração de DNS, usando o ID do container compose_api obtido no passo 7:
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    $ docker exec 6d7277694bc3 ping -c 3 mysql
PING mysql (172.18.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from compose_mysql_1.compose_default (172.18.0.2): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.073 ms
64 bytes from compose_mysql_1.compose_default (172.18.0.2): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.070 ms
64 bytes from compose_mysql_1.compose_default (172.18.0.2): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.072 ms

--- mysql ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 35ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.070/0.071/0.073/0.009 ms

Clean-up

  1. [T2] Remover os serviços (e os containers):
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    $ docker-compose down
Stopping compose_api_1   ... done
Stopping compose_mysql_1 ... done
Removing compose_api_1   ... done
Removing compose_mysql_1 ... done
Removing network compose_default
classes dev fiap iac openshift pt redhat series
This post is licensed under CC BY 4.0 by the author.